The most common flowerpots are clay basin, ceramic basin and plastic basin. Among them, clay basin has the best ventilation and drainage effect, followed by ceramic basin. Ceramic basin and plastic basin have poor permeability, but they are more beautiful. If the plant is afraid of stuffy roots, choose the flowerpot with good permeability.
If the root system of the plant emerges from the bottom of the pot, it means that the soil is insufficient in nutrients and needs to be replaced; if the soil is found to be seriously hardened, it needs to be replaced, otherwise it will affect the growth of the plant; if the plant grows and explodes, it needs to be replaced with a larger flowerpot.
There is a principle for plants to be potted, that is, large pots are used for big seedlings, small pots are used for small seedlings, and the potted soil should be protected. The texture of the newly filled soil should be consistent with the soil on the root system as much as possible. After potting, water should be poured into the shade to help plants slow down seedlings.
If the soil is very wet during basin changing, it is difficult for us to take off the basin, and it is easy to damage the root system. Before basin changing, we can control the water in advance according to the size of the flowerpot. After the soil dries slightly, we can pat the wall of the basin forcefully to take the soil lump out of the flowerpot.
The remaining soil nutrients of each basin change are insufficient. It's a pity to discard them. It's useless to leave them. You can go to the side of the road to sweep some leaves in autumn and come back to find a bag. One layer of soil and one layer of leaves, sprinkle water on the surface of the soil and tie the bag tightly. After retting into rotten leaf soil, mix fertilizer and plant flowers again.
It's easy to carry insect eggs in the soil dug out or the soil retreaded by yourself. It can't be used directly. It can be put in the sun for a week and then used again. During this period, you often use a small spade to turn over the soil and make it completely exposed to the sun, so that most of the pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs can be eliminated.
The hardening of soil is mainly caused by too hard watering, long-term application of chemical fertilizer and immature organic fertilizer, and too single soil matrix. At ordinary times, the hardening of soil can be prevented by watering peel water, applying mature organic fertilizer and loosening soil frequently.
If the soil has been seriously hardened, the simplest and most effective way is to change the basin for soil, but when we change the basin for soil, we must leave a protective core for the plant, that is, the soil root system should take some soil lumps, otherwise it is easy to fail in transplanting.
The soil is easy to harden and froth when watering. There are white substances deposited on the surface of the soil, most of which are alkaline soil. After watering, the soil is soft and muddy water seeps out, most of which are acid soil, such as saprophytic soil, peat soil and peat soil.
To change the pH value of the soil is to adjust the pH value of the soil. For example, to plant acid loving flowers, you need to reduce the pH value of the soil, and you can pour ferrous sulfate solution on the flowers; to plant alkali loving flowers, you need to increase the pH value of the soil, and you can sprinkle lime, plant ash, etc. on the surface of the soil.
Observe the whiteness of the soil surface, touch the dry soil, weigh the weight of the flowerpot, and pour water after it becomes light obviously. If the soil for planting flowers is too heavy, for example, the yellow soil can't weigh the weight, observe the slight wilting of the plant leaves, and pour water in time.
Generally, water in the morning or evening in summer and around noon in winter, and keep the water temperature consistent with the soil temperature. Otherwise, if a ladle of cold water goes down, the root system will be stimulated, which will hinder the absorption of water, causing physiological drought of the plant.
Because most of the family flowers like neutral or slightly acid soil, the water to be watered at ordinary times should be mainly soft water, of which rain water and snow water are the best, followed by river water and pond water. If you use tap water to water the flowers, you must put it for 2 days, and use it after removing chlorine.
There are many ways of watering, the purpose of which is to thoroughly water the soil. The two most common ways are watering and soaking basin. Sometimes, the water can not be fully poured from the top to the bottom. You can pour it several times more, slowly each time, or soak the soil in the way of soaking basin.
After many people have poured the flowers, there is a lot of water in the tray. The bottom of the pot is directly soaked in the water, which is not conducive to ventilation, but also easy to clog the roots. You can find something to pad the pot up, do not block the drainage holes, which not only increases the humidity, but also improves the permeability of the pot soil.
If the stem and leaf wilt is observed, but the basin soil is very wet, it means that the plant may be waterlogged. Take the plant with the soil lump out of the basin and put it in a cool and ventilated place to quickly disperse the water in the soil. Wait for 3-5 days, the plant will grow again and then go to the basin.
The withering of the flowers indicates that the water shortage is serious. At this time, it is not allowed to irrigate the flowers with large amount of water, which may easily lead to the death of the plants. The potted plants should be placed in the shade, watered less and sprayed on the leaves. After the plants are restored to stand upright, the amount of water should be increased gradually.
One to eleven long holidays, full of seven days not at home, don't worry, look for a few big plastic buckets, full of water to find a cotton thread, one end of the cotton thread is inserted in the water, the other end is buried in the soil for a circle, which can protect the potted plants from moisture for 7-15 days without water shortage.
Generally, when the soil moisture is sufficient, the plant likes to grow branches and leaves, which is not conducive to flower bud differentiation. When the soil is relatively dry, the nutrition growth is slow, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation. Therefore, if you want to promote the plant to blossom, you can make the soil dry properly, which is the meaning of crouching seedlings or holding water.
For some wet flowers, such as Spathiphyllums and taro, we usually need to give them a high humidity environment. Otherwise, the plant is easy to dry. We can often spray water around the plant and on the ground to increase humidity, but we need to keep ventilation, so as not to leave water on the stems and leaves for a long time.
The green plants placed indoors are easy to fall ash, and they are not like the outdoor plants that can be drenched with water to remove dust. If you encounter this kind of plants, you can find a soft cloth and dip it in water to wipe the leaves. If the leaves of the plants are thick, you can also wipe the leaves with 10 times of beer and water to make them brighter.
The lack of light will change the shape of plants. For example, the color of leaves becomes light and yellow, the leaves are small and thin, the flowers of flowering plants are not bright, the fragrance is light, the branches are thin and weak, and the internode of stems is extended, which is often called the excessive length. These are the manifestations of lack of light.
If the indoor flowers are lack of light, the potted plants can be moved to the balcony regularly for sun exposure. If the light conditions are poor, additional light replenishing lamps can be added at home, or some plants with relative shade tolerance can be raised, such as African Viola, big rock Tung, foliage plants, etc.
In addition to the lack of light in the maintenance environment, more flower friends will suffer from the hot summer sun. In order to avoid the plant sunburn, you can move the flowers and plants away from nanyangtai, or choose to set up a sunscreen above the potted plants at noon for sunscreen and cooling.
Some plants have strong phototaxis. If they are placed on the balcony, one side will grow vigorously, the other side will grow weakly, or the plants will incline to one side, resulting in the phenomenon of partial crown. To solve this problem, just turn the basin 180 ° every half month!
Autumn is the world of many short sunshine flowers. It requires less than 12 hours of light every day. So flowers like Florist Kalanchoe, Christmas Cactus, triangle plum, etc. can only be dried for 8 hours every day. You can rush flowers when you close the dark room at other times!
In summer, when the temperature is too high, the plants will grow slowly and lose water easily. In addition to pulling the sunscreen to cool down, we can also use the way of watering around the potted plants, spraying water on the leaves, or directly move the potted plants to a cool and ventilated place.
In winter, when the temperature is too low, the plants will stop growing or even die. The potted flowers can find a plastic bag, blow air at noon every day, or find a large empty flowerpot, put the potted plants in, and put straw and sawdust between the two pots to keep warm.
Winter does not come in means that before the frost comes, do not rush to move the flowers into the room, or it will be harmful to the growth and development of plants; spring does not come out means that the flowers should not be moved out of the room too early in spring, and the windows should be opened frequently before leaving the room, so that the plants can adapt to the low temperature environment first.
When the temperature drops to about 0 ℃, the pot soil and plants will be slightly frozen and hard. At this time, do not rush to put the flowers in the high temperature place. You should first put the room of 5-10 ℃ for a day to slow down, let it thaw slowly, and the slightly frozen flowers can recover.
Plant lack of fertilizer will show on the leaves, for example, lack of nitrogen, the old leaves first turn yellow, the plants are short and slender; lack of phosphorus, the old leaves first turn dark green, easy to fall leaves early; lack of potassium, the old leaves first turn green, the edge and tip of the leaves necrosis, the leaves curl black.
The self-made fertilizer is divided into liquid fertilizer and compost. Liquid fertilizer is to soak the bean dregs and peel in the water, retting for 2 months and then water the flowers after dilution; compost is usually outdoors, one layer of animal manure and one layer of soil are composted, and the half year fermentation is completed and then mixed with soil to make the bottom fertilizer.
In the fermentation process, the homemade fertilizer is extremely acid and refreshing, and it can put a few orange peels, so that the essential oil contained in the orange peel will ferment with the fragrance, reduce the odour of the fat water and increase the fertilizer efficiency.
There are only three kinds of flower fertilizer on the market. AOLV 5 is a general slow-release fertilizer, which is mixed with soil as the base fertilizer when planting flowers. Huaduo 1 has comprehensive nutrition, and the flowers are watered during the plant growth period. Huaduo 2 has too much phosphorus and potassium, and the flowers are watered before the plants bloom.
First, we should apply fertilizer according to the season, such as no fertilizer in winter, more fertilizer in spring and autumn, less fertilizer in summer; second, we should apply fertilizer according to the plant state, such as applying base fertilizer when planting, applying more nitrogen fertilizer when the plant is young, and applying more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer before flowering.
For some acid loving flowers, iron deficiency yellow leaves are easy to appear, which can be prevented and controlled by pouring alum fertilizer water. The secret formula is: 1 part ferrous sulfate, 2 parts cake fertilizer, 4 parts dung dry, 80 parts water, diluted and used after sun exposure and maturity.
First of all, do not over apply fertilizer. Second, after applying fertilizer, pour a large amount of water, and pour it thoroughly, so that the local too thick fertilizer water can be diluted and the root can be prevented from burning, which is called pressing water. Then, pour water again in the next morning, which is called pouring back water.
If excessive fertilizer is applied to potted plants, yellow leaves, fallen leaves and other phenomena will appear in the plants. If fertilizer damage is found, the potted plants should be placed in a cool place, spray water on the branches and leaves, and then pour large amount of water into the potted soil. The excessive fertilizer liquid should be flushed out of the pot. After pouring large amount of water, ventilation must be paid attention to.
Generally, the lack of fertilizer or excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will hinder the flowering of plants, so if you want to promote the flowering, you can reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as using huaduoduo No. 2 and meilecao flower type nutrient solution.
The pests in the ground feed on the roots. They can't be seen at ordinary times. They can only be found when turning the basin and changing the soil. There are two main aspects to prevent them. One is to change the basin soil once a year; the other is not to use the immature fertilizer and water.
There are many common pests on the ground, such as aphids, red spiders, whitefly, thrips, scale insects, etc. if you want to prevent this kind of pests, you need to ventilate frequently at ordinary times, and spray the flower god every half month to prevent them.
There are many green and non-toxic methods to eliminate pests, such as hot pepper water, tobacco water, etc. the effect of eliminating aphids and mites is very significant, but it should be used when the occurrence of pests is relatively light to ensure its effectiveness.
In case of serious insect damage, only the medicine is the most effective. For example, pyridaben is used for spider, imidacloprid is used for aphid, and scale for scale insect must be treated. When using the medicine, pay attention to the alternative use, or always use one, the insect will produce resistance.
The simplest and most effective way to prevent diseases is to ventilate frequently. This is also the reason why the high-rise open balcony is not easy to cause diseases and insect pests. In addition, the plant can be sprayed with carbendazim every half a month for prevention.
In case of disease, the first thing we need to do is to isolate and prevent the plants from infecting each other. In case of powdery mildew, 1g baking soda can be mixed with 3L water to spray on both sides of the affected leaves.
In order to improve the germination rate of seeds, seed soaking can be used to accelerate germination. Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in warm water for 24 hours, and then seeded in wet soil, the germination rate and speed of seeds will be greatly improved.
Some seeds are very small, so it is difficult to spread them evenly when potted. You can mix them with fine garden soil or fine sand according to the number of seeds, mix them well, and then spread them on the soil surface. Because the seeds are small, they generally do not need to be covered with soil.
The seeds do not germinate after sowing, which is caused by the poor control of soil moisture. It is necessary to keep the soil moist at all times. If the soil surface turns white, spray water on the basin soil with a watering can. After the seeds germinate, the water content cannot be too much.
In order to improve the survival rate of cuttings, there are two tricks for flowers. One is to water cut the pruned branches first, and then transfer them to soil culture after rooting; the other is to treat the cuttings with rooting powder before cutting to improve the rooting rate.
After cutting, if you want to ensure that the branches are always green and root out smoothly, Huahua thinks the most important thing is that the air humidity should be high. You can prepare a closed container, put the cutting plants in it, and open it at noon every day for ventilation.
