Monstera (Monstera deliciosa) and Split-Leaf Philodendron (Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum, formerly Philodendron selloum) are two popular tropical plants often confused due to their similar appearance. Both belong to the Araceae family but are distinct species with unique characteristics. Understanding their differences is essential for proper identification and care.
Monstera deliciosa: This plant is part of the Monstera genus, which includes around 50 species. It is native to Central America and thrives in tropical rainforests. The name "deliciosa" refers to its edible fruit, which is rare in cultivation.
Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum: Formerly classified under the Philodendron genus, this plant was reclassified into the Thaumatophyllum genus due to genetic and morphological differences. It is native to South America and is commonly called Split-Leaf Philodendron or Tree Philodendron.
Monstera Leaves: Monstera leaves are large, heart-shaped, and develop distinctive fenestrations (holes) as they mature. The splits and holes are a natural adaptation to allow light to reach lower leaves in dense forests. Young leaves are solid and lack fenestrations.
Split-Leaf Philodendron Leaves: The leaves of Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum are deeply lobed, giving them a "split" appearance, but they lack the fenestrations seen in Monstera. The lobes are more pronounced and extend almost to the midrib, creating a feather-like look.
Monstera Growth: Monstera is a climbing hemiepiphyte, meaning it starts as a terrestrial plant but climbs trees using aerial roots as it matures. Indoors, it can reach 6–8 feet tall with support, while in the wild, it can grow much larger.
Split-Leaf Philodendron Growth: This plant grows as a self-heading (non-climbing) shrub with a robust, tree-like form. It can grow up to 10–15 feet tall outdoors, with a spread of 6–8 feet. Indoors, it typically stays smaller but still requires ample space.
Monstera Flowers and Fruit: Monstera produces a white, calla lily-like spathe and spadix inflorescence. In ideal conditions, it may develop an edible fruit that tastes like a mix of pineapple and banana. However, fruiting is rare in indoor settings.
Split-Leaf Philodendron Flowers: Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum also produces a spathe and spadix, but its flowers are less showy and rarely appear indoors. Unlike Monstera, it does not produce edible fruit.
Light: Both plants prefer bright, indirect light but can tolerate lower light conditions. Monstera may develop more fenestrations in brighter light, while Split-Leaf Philodendron maintains its lobed structure regardless.
Watering: Monstera prefers slightly moist soil but is more drought-tolerant than Split-Leaf Philodendron, which requires consistent moisture to prevent leaf drooping.
Humidity: Both thrive in high humidity but can adapt to average household conditions. Monstera is slightly more forgiving of lower humidity.
The confusion between these plants stems from their similar leaf shapes and shared family. However, their growth habits, leaf fenestrations, and botanical classifications clearly distinguish them. Mislabeling in nurseries has also contributed to the mix-up.
While Monstera deliciosa and Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum share some visual similarities, they are distinct species with different growth patterns, leaf structures, and care needs. Proper identification ensures they receive the right conditions to thrive.
