The Monstera genus is renowned for its striking foliage, with Monstera adansonii and Monstera deliciosa being two of the most popular species. While both are tropical plants native to Central and South America, they exhibit distinct morphological and growth characteristics. Understanding their differences is essential for proper care and cultivation.
Leaf Shape and Size: Monstera deliciosa is known for its large, heart-shaped leaves that develop iconic fenestrations (splits and holes) as they mature. Leaves can grow up to 3 feet in diameter. In contrast, Monstera adansonii has smaller, elongated leaves with more uniform oval-shaped holes, rarely exceeding 12 inches in length.
Growth Habit: Monstera deliciosa is a vigorous climber, often requiring sturdy support like a moss pole to reach its full potential. Monstera adansonii has a vining or trailing habit, making it ideal for hanging baskets or trellises.
Light Requirements: Both species thrive in bright, indirect light, but Monstera deliciosa tolerates lower light conditions better than Monstera adansonii, which may lose its characteristic fenestrations in insufficient light.
Humidity and Temperature: As tropical plants, both prefer high humidity (60-80%) and temperatures between 65-85°F (18-29°C). However, Monstera adansonii is slightly more sensitive to dry air, which can cause leaf browning.
Soil Composition: Both species require well-draining, aerated soil. A mix of peat, perlite, and orchid bark works well. Monstera deliciosa benefits from a slightly heavier mix due to its larger root system, while Monstera adansonii prefers a lighter substrate.
Watering Frequency: Monstera deliciosa prefers to dry out slightly between waterings, whereas Monstera adansonii likes consistently moist (but not soggy) soil. Overwatering either species can lead to root rot.
Growth Speed: Monstera deliciosa grows faster under optimal conditions, producing larger leaves over time. Monstera adansonii grows more slowly but can become leggy if not pruned regularly.
Pruning and Support: Both plants benefit from occasional pruning to encourage bushier growth. Monstera deliciosa often requires staking or a moss pole to support its weight, while Monstera adansonii can be trained to climb or allowed to trail.
Pests: Both species are susceptible to spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects. Monstera adansonii is particularly prone to aphid infestations due to its softer foliage.
Leaf Issues: Yellowing leaves in Monstera deliciosa often indicate overwatering, while brown edges on Monstera adansonii usually signal low humidity or underwatering.
Stem Cuttings: Both species propagate easily via stem cuttings with at least one node. Monstera deliciosa cuttings may take longer to root due to their thicker stems.
Air Layering: Monstera deliciosa responds well to air layering, a method where roots are encouraged to grow on a stem while still attached to the parent plant. This technique is less common for Monstera adansonii.
