Monstera aerial roots are specialized structures that grow above the ground from the stems of the Monstera plant (commonly Monstera deliciosa). Unlike typical roots that grow underground, these roots emerge from nodes along the plant's stem and serve multiple physiological functions. They are a natural adaptation to the plant's native tropical rainforest environment, where they help the plant climb trees, absorb moisture and nutrients, and stabilize its growth.
From a plant's perspective, aerial roots are essential for survival and growth. In the wild, Monstera is an epiphytic or hemiepiphytic plant, meaning it often grows on other plants or structures. The aerial roots anchor the plant to trees or rocks, allowing it to climb toward sunlight in dense forests. Additionally, these roots absorb water and nutrients from the air, rain, and organic debris accumulated around them. They act as supplementary nutrient sources, especially in nutrient-poor environments.
Aerial roots originate from the nodes of the Monstera stem, the same points where leaves and branches emerge. Initially, they appear as small, brownish nubs that gradually elongate. The roots are covered with a velamen layer (a spongy tissue) that helps them absorb moisture efficiently. In optimal conditions—high humidity and indirect light—aerial roots grow rapidly, sometimes reaching several feet in length.
For indoor Monstera plants, aerial roots can be managed in several ways:
If the aerial roots are not causing any issues, you can leave them as they are. They contribute to the plant's health by absorbing humidity and providing structural support. Over time, they may attach to a moss pole or trellis, mimicking their natural climbing behavior.
You can gently direct aerial roots into the soil, where they will develop into subterranean roots and enhance nutrient uptake. Alternatively, guide them onto a moss pole or other support structure to encourage vertical growth and a more compact plant shape.
If aerial roots become too long or unruly, they can be trimmed with clean, sharp scissors. Cut them back to a manageable length, but avoid removing all aerial roots, as they play a role in the plant's health. Ensure the cuts are clean to prevent infection.
Some gardeners mistakenly believe aerial roots are harmful or indicate a problem with the plant. However, they are a natural and healthy part of Monstera growth. Another misconception is that they must be buried in soil—while this can be beneficial, it is not mandatory for the plant's survival.
Humidity, light, and watering practices influence aerial root development. High humidity encourages robust root growth, while dry conditions may cause them to shrivel. Providing a moss pole or regular misting can replicate the plant's natural habitat and promote healthier aerial roots.
