Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) thrive in hydroponic systems due to their preference for well-drained, nutrient-rich environments. From a plant's perspective, hydroponics eliminates soil-borne diseases and ensures consistent access to water and nutrients. Carnations require a pH range of 6.0–6.5 and moderate to high light intensity (14–16 hours daily) for optimal growth. The roots need ample oxygen, so an aerated hydroponic system like deep water culture (DWC) or drip irrigation is ideal.
Carnations perform best in systems that balance moisture and aeration. Deep water culture (DWC) or nutrient film technique (NFT) are suitable for their shallow root systems. In DWC, roots are submerged in oxygenated nutrient solution, while NFT provides a thin film of nutrient-rich water. Ebb and flow systems also work well, as they periodically flood and drain the root zone, mimicking natural soil conditions.
Carnations demand a balanced nutrient mix with higher potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) during flowering. A hydroponic solution should include macronutrients (N-P-K) and micronutrients like calcium, magnesium, and iron. Maintain an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.5–2.5 mS/cm for vegetative growth and 2.0–3.0 mS/cm during flowering. Monitor pH daily, as fluctuations can lock out essential nutrients.
Carnations can be propagated from seeds or cuttings. For cuttings, select healthy stems with 4–6 nodes, dip in rooting hormone, and place in a sterile medium like rockwool or perlite. Once roots develop (2–3 weeks), transplant them into the hydroponic system. Ensure the roots are gently supported by the growing medium to prevent stress.
Carnations prefer daytime temperatures of 18–24°C (64–75°F) and nighttime temperatures of 10–15°C (50–59°F). High humidity (60–70%) is beneficial during vegetative growth but should be reduced to 40–50% during flowering to prevent fungal diseases. Supplemental LED or HPS lighting ensures consistent light exposure, especially in low-natural-light environments.
To encourage bushier growth and more blooms, pinch back the main stem when the plant reaches 15–20 cm (6–8 inches). Remove lateral buds to direct energy toward larger, central flowers. Regularly trim yellowing leaves to maintain airflow and reduce disease risk. Support stems with trellises or nets to prevent breakage under the weight of blooms.
Hydroponic carnations are less prone to pests but may face aphids, spider mites, or fungal infections like powdery mildew. Introduce beneficial insects (e.g., ladybugs) or use organic sprays (neem oil) for pest control. Sterilize tools and systems regularly to prevent pathogen buildup. Avoid overwatering to deter root rot.
Carnations are ready for harvest when the outer petals unfurl fully. Cut stems at a 45° angle in the morning for longer vase life. Immediately place stems in a clean, pH-balanced water solution with floral preservatives. Store at 2–4°C (36–39°F) to prolong freshness.
