The stems of wheat are erect, tufted, 6 to 7 knots, 60 to 100 cm high, 5 to 7 mm in diameter. The sheaths of leaves are loosely wrapped around the stems. The tongue is membranous, growing about 1 mm, and the leaves are long lanceolate.
The stem of oat is erect and smooth, the sheath of leaf is smooth and the back is hairy, the tongue is big, there is no ear, the leaf blade is flat.
Spikes of wheat are erect, about 5 to 10 cm long and about 1 to 1.5 cm wide. Spikelets contain 3 to 9 flowers.
The flowers of oats are in panicles with erect or drooping rachis. The inflorescence is terminal and spikelets contain 2 or several flowers.
Wheat fruit is caryopsis, yellow brown pericarp, oblate or oval, the two ends of the fruit are slightly sharp or blunt, there are starch grains inside, the powder of the fruit is white, there are small pieces of yellow brown pericarp.
The glume of oat is broad and herbaceous, the lemma is hard and glabrous, some have awn or not awn; the ventral surface of Caryopsis has longitudinal groove and is covered with sparse hairs; when it is mature, the lemma and lemma tightly hold the grain, which is not easy to separate.
