Fenestrations, or the natural splits and holes in Monstera leaves, are a result of the plant's evolutionary adaptation to its native tropical environment. These splits allow sunlight to reach lower leaves and reduce wind resistance, helping the plant thrive in dense rainforests. If your Monstera isn’t developing fenestrations, it’s likely due to environmental or care-related factors that don’t meet its natural needs.
Monstera plants require bright, indirect light to produce fenestrations. In low-light conditions, the plant prioritizes survival over aesthetic features like splits. If your Monstera is placed in a dim corner, it may grow smaller, solid leaves to maximize light absorption. To encourage fenestrations, move the plant to a spot with filtered sunlight, such as near an east- or north-facing window.
Young Monstera plants typically don’t develop fenestrations until they reach a certain maturity. Juvenile leaves are often heart-shaped and solid. As the plant grows older and taller (usually after 2-3 years), it will naturally start producing larger, fenestrated leaves. Patience is key—ensure proper care while waiting for the plant to mature.
Monstera plants need nutrient-rich, well-draining soil to support healthy growth and fenestration development. A lack of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium can stunt leaf growth. Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer during the growing season (spring and summer) and ensure the soil is aerated with perlite or orchid bark to prevent root rot.
Overwatering or underwatering can stress the plant, leading to poor leaf development. Monsteras prefer consistently moist but not soggy soil. Water when the top 1-2 inches of soil feel dry, and ensure excess water drains away. Chronic stress from improper watering can delay or prevent fenestrations from forming.
In the wild, Monstera plants climb trees to reach brighter light, which triggers fenestration growth. Without support, indoor Monsteras may grow more compactly with fewer splits. Provide a moss pole or trellis to encourage vertical growth, mimicking its natural habitat and promoting larger, fenestrated leaves.
Monsteras thrive in warm (65-85°F), humid environments similar to tropical forests. Low humidity or cold drafts can stress the plant, slowing growth and fenestration development. Increase humidity by misting the leaves, using a humidifier, or placing the plant on a pebble tray with water.
If your Monstera is root-bound (roots circling tightly in the pot), it may struggle to absorb nutrients and water efficiently, affecting leaf growth. Check the roots annually and repot into a slightly larger container with fresh soil if necessary. This gives the plant space to grow and may encourage fenestrations.
Some Monstera varieties or individual plants may naturally produce fewer fenestrations due to genetics. For example, Monstera adansonii has more holes than Monstera deliciosa, but even within the same species, growth patterns can vary. If all other conditions are optimal, genetics may be the limiting factor.
