Vanilla is a perennial herb. Its corm is oval or narrow ovate with dark red spots and reticular stripes.
The leaves of vanilla are strip or sword shaped, slightly curved, with a length of 15-40cm, a width of 0.5-1.4cm and a yellow green color. There is a clear line in the middle of the leaf.
Its flower stems grow upright and have 2-3 curved branches. There are small erect flowers of light yellow or yellow green on the flower branches. It has no pedicel, but there are two bracts at the base of each flower. The bracts are broadly ovate or oval.
Its fruit is a capsule, nearly oval.
