Monstera deliciosa, commonly known as the Swiss cheese plant, develops fenestrations (splits or holes) in its leaves as it matures. These splits are not just aesthetic; they serve a functional purpose. In their natural habitat, fenestrations allow sunlight to pass through the upper leaves, reaching the lower foliage, and help the plant withstand strong winds by reducing resistance. If your Monstera isn’t fenestrating, it’s likely due to environmental or care-related factors.
Light is one of the most critical factors for fenestration. Monsteras thrive in bright, indirect light. If your plant is placed in low-light conditions, it may produce smaller, solid leaves without splits. The plant prioritizes survival over fenestration in such cases. To encourage splits, move your Monstera to a spot with filtered sunlight, such as near an east or north-facing window. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves.
Young Monstera plants naturally produce solid leaves. Fenestration typically begins when the plant reaches a certain age and size, often after it has developed 5-7 mature leaves. If your Monstera is still young, patience is key. Ensure it receives proper care, and fenestrations will appear as it grows older and stronger.
Nutrient deficiencies can hinder fenestration. Monsteras require a balanced fertilizer during the growing season (spring and summer) to support leaf development. A lack of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium may result in stunted growth and fewer splits. Use a diluted, balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks in the growing season, but avoid over-fertilizing, which can cause leaf burn.
Both overwatering and underwatering can stress your Monstera, delaying fenestration. The plant prefers consistently moist but well-draining soil. Soggy soil leads to root rot, while dry soil causes the plant to conserve energy, producing smaller leaves. Water your Monstera when the top 1-2 inches of soil feel dry, and ensure the pot has drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Monsteras are native to tropical rainforests, where humidity levels are high. Low humidity can slow growth and reduce fenestration. To mimic their natural environment, increase humidity by misting the leaves regularly, using a humidifier, or placing the plant on a pebble tray filled with water. Aim for humidity levels of 60% or higher for optimal growth.
If your Monstera has outgrown its pot, its roots may become cramped, limiting nutrient uptake and growth. A root-bound plant often focuses on survival rather than producing fenestrated leaves. Check the roots annually; if they’re circling the pot, repot the plant into a container 2-3 inches larger with fresh, well-draining soil. This will encourage healthier growth and fenestration.
Pruning can stimulate new growth, including fenestrated leaves. Remove older, smaller leaves to redirect energy to newer growth. Additionally, providing a moss pole or trellis for your Monstera to climb encourages larger, fenestrated leaves. In the wild, Monsteras climb trees, and replicating this behavior can trigger fenestration.
Monsteras grow actively in spring and summer but slow down in fall and winter. During dormancy, fenestration may pause. Adjust care routines seasonally—reduce watering and fertilizing in colder months—and resume regular care in spring to support new, fenestrated growth.
Not all Monsteras fenestrate equally. Some varieties or individual plants may naturally produce fewer splits due to genetic differences. If all care conditions are optimal but fenestration is still limited, your plant’s genetics may play a role. In such cases, enjoy its unique beauty as it is.
